Rangkuman Materi Bahasa Inggris dan TBI serta TOEFL tentang Tenses
Pembagian tenses adalah sebagai berikut (dibagi 2 menurut waktu dan aktivitas)| Berdasarkan Waktu | Keterangan | Berdasarkan Aktivitas | Keterangan |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present | Terjadi Sekarang | Simple | Gambaran Umum |
| Past | Terjadi di masa lalu | Countinous | Sedang Berlangsung |
| Future | Terjadi di masa depan | Perfect | Telah terjadi dan masih terjadi |
| Past-Future | Prediksi atau janji | Perfect-continous | Sudah berlangsung beberapa lama |
Jumlah keseluruhan dari tenses ada 16-tenses, mengapa bisa banyak? jika dikalikan antar kedua faktor yaitu berdasarkan waktu dan berdasarkan aktivitas maka menjadi 4 x 4 = 16 tenses. Berikut kategori ke-16 tenses tersebut.
| Present | Past | Future | Past-future | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Simple | Present Simple Tense | Past Simple Tense | Future Simple Tense | Past-Future Simple Tense |
| Countinous | Present Continous Tense | Past Continous Tense | Future Continous Tense | Past-Future Continous Tense |
| Perfect | Present Perfect Tense | Past Perfect Tense | Future Perfect Tense | Past-Future Perfect Tense |
| Perfect-countinous | Present Perfect-Countinous Tense | Past Perfect-Continous Tense | Future Perfect-Continous Tense | Past-Future Perfect-Continous Tense |
Untuk USM STAN atau kedinasan yang lainnya, kita pelajari 12 macam tenses dahulu dan yang diblok kuning tidak perlu dipelajari terlebih dahulu untuk USM PKN STAN dan kedinasan karena jarang keluar.
Present Tense
1) Present Simple Tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan fakta, kebiasaan, dan kejadian yang terjadi pada saat ini.
Rumus :
S + V1(es/s/original) + O + Adv (bisa dimanapun letaknya) (+)
S + do/does + not + V1 + O + Adv (-)
Adverb yang sering dijadikan tanda
Adverb of time : Every......(day), on.......(monday), in.....(in juni), at.....(7 pm) etc
Adverb of frequency : Always, seldom, rarely, often, sometimes, never, usually etc
Contoh :
- The earth atmosphere contains several gasses.
- I always wakes up at 4 a.m.
- The bullets hit through the tank.
Digunakan untuk membicarakan kejadian yang sedang terjadi sekarang.
Rumus :
S + to be(is/am/are) + Ving + O + Adv (bisa dimanapun letaknya) (+)
S + to be(is/am/are) + not + Ving + O + Adv (-)
Adverb yang sering dijadikan tanda
Adverb of time : now, currently, at present, at this moment, at this time etc
Contoh :
- The guests are dancing int the ball room now.
- Mr.John is fixing his car today.
- My friend is studiying english at this moment.
3) Present Perfect Tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang telah selesai dan sekarang ada.
Rumus :
S + Has/have + V3 + O + Adv (bisa dimanapun letaknya) (+)
S + Has/have + not + V3 + O + Adv (-)
Adverb yang sering dijadikan tanda
Adverb of focus : Yet, already, just etc
Contoh :
- I just swept the floor.
- My mother has cooked the dinner.
- he has not finished his home work yet.
4) Present Perfect-Countinous Tense
Digunakan untuk menerangkan kejadian yang telah berlangsung beberapa laam namun masih berlangsung hingga sekarang.
Rumus :
S + has/have + been + Ving + O + Adv (bisa dimanapun letaknya) (+)
S + has/have + not + been + Ving + O + Adv (-)
Adverb yang sering dijadikan tanda
Adverb of time : For.....(day), since.......(monday), all these year etc
Contoh :
- We have been studying for an hour.
- It has not been raining since a week ago.
- I have been waiting all day.
Past Tense
1) Past Simple Tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang telah terjadi di masa lampau.
Rumus :
S + V2 + O + Adv (bisa dimanapun letaknya) (+)
S + did + not + V2 + O + Adv (-)
Adverb yang sering dijadikan tanda
Adverb of time : Yesterday, a. . .ago(week, day), last. . .(night), year before this year (2000) etc
Contoh :
- I made this cake last night.
- They left this room just a while ago.
- The boy took the book and he went to school.
2) Past Countinous Tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang sedang terjadi di masa lampau.
Rumus :
S + was/were + Ving + O + Adv (bisa dimanapun letaknya) (+)
S + was/were + not + Ving + O + Adv (-)
Adverb yang sering dijadikan tanda
Adverb of time : at the time in 1929, at 7 p.m. yesterday (time past + time present countinous) etc
Adverbial clause : when + S + V2, when + S + was/were + Ving, while + S + V2 etc
Contoh :
- I was sleeping when you came to my house last night.
- I was cooking up at 7 p.m. yesterday.
- When they saw the buglar, he was just standing here.
3) Past Perfect Tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang telah selesai di masa lampau.
Rumus :
S + had + V3 + O + Adv (bisa dimanapun letaknya) (+)
S + had + not + O + Adv (-)
Adverb yang sering dijadikan tanda
Adverb of focus : Already, just etc
Adverbial Clause : After / before / when / by the time + S + V2 etc
Rumus tambahan :
S + V2 + O after S + Had + V3 + O dan S + Had + V3 + O before S + V2 + O
Rumus tambahan :
S + V2 + O after S + Had + V3 + O dan S + Had + V3 + O before S + V2 + O
Contoh :
- Miranda had finished cleaning the room when her father came last night.
- She went out after she had locked the door.
- Wanda had given the food to the beggar already.
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang telah berlangsung beberapa lama dan masih berlangsung di masa lalu.
Rumus :
S + had + been + Ving + O + Adv (bisa dimanapun letaknya) (+)
S + had + not + been + Ving + O + Adv (-)
Adverb yang sering dijadikan tanda
Adverb of clause : Before/after/when S + V2, S + had + been + Ving etc
Contoh :
- I had been waiting for two hours when he picked me up last night.
- After wakes for ten hours, he stopped to sleep.
- Before he went out, he had been sweeping for an hour.
Future Tense
1) Future Simple Tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian di masa depan.
Rumus :
S + will/shall + Vbase (original) + O + Adv (bisa dimanapun letaknya) (+)
S + will/shall + not + Vbase + O + Adv (-)
Adverb yang sering dijadikan tanda
Adverb of time : tomorrow, next. . . (week, day), tonight, soon etc
Contoh :
- I will go to park tomorrow.
- You shall not pass this border!.
- This wound will recover as time passes.
2) Future Countinous Tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang akan sedang terjadi di masa depan.
Rumus :
S + will/shall + be + Ving + O + Adv (bisa dimanapun letaknya) (+)
S + will/shall + be + not + Ving + O + Adv (-)
Adverb yang sering dijadikan tanda
Adverb of time : at 9 p.m. tonight, at this moment tomorrow (time present + time future) etc
Contoh :
- She will be leaving to office at 8 a.m. tomorrow.
- The taxpayers will be submitting the form at 9 p.m. tonight.
- I will be having dinner with my friend at this time next week.
3) Future Perfect Tense
Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang sudah selesai di masa depan.
Rumus :
S + will/shall + have + V3 + O + Adv (bisa dimanapun letaknya) (+)
S + will/shall + have + not + V3 + O + Adv (-)
Adverb yang sering dijadikan tanda
Adverb of time : by. . .(future time signal ex tomorrow) etc
Contoh :
- They will have cleared the room by the time we got there.
- The bridge will have been completed by the end of this year.
- He will have finished the final project by next week.
Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang telah berlangsung beberapa lama di masa yang akan datang.
Rumus :
S + will/shall + have + been + Ving + O + Adv (bisa dimanapun letaknya) (+)
S + will/shall + have + been + not + Ving + O + Adv (-)
Adverb yang sering dijadikan tanda
Adverb of time : by. . .(future time signal ex tomorrow) etc
Contoh :
- We will have been living in this house for a year by next month.
- By the time you come here, we will have been travelling to jakarta.
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